Purpose：The martensitic steel specimen is prepared by sectioning using the TableCUT-200 Automatic Precision Cut-Off Machine, hot mounting with the FlexPress automatic mounting machine, and grinding and polishing using the ALPHA 610 automatic grinding and polishing machine. After etching, the microstructure of the specimen is examined under an optical microscope.

Purpose：Observe the microstructure of lead brass. Lead brass exhibits excellent machinability, mechanical properties, and resistance to cold/hot pressure processing, making it ideal for soldering and welding. It is widely used in structural components such as screws, washers, gaskets, bushings, nuts, and nozzles. Samples undergo cutting (TableCut200), mounting (FLEX-PRESS fully automatic modular hot mounting machine), grinding/polishing (Alpha610), and etching with a ferric chloride-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to observe the microstructure (MN80 metallographic microscope).

Purpose：Industrial pure iron is a type of steel primarily composed of iron (99.50%–99.90%) with carbon content below 0.04%. Though not entirely pure iron, it is classified as such due to its near-pure composition. Industrial pure iron is exceptionally soft, highly ductile, and exhibits excellent electromagnetic properties. Common applications include: 1.Deep-drawing material: Capable of being stamped into highly complex shapes. 2.Electromagnetic material: Offers high magnetic permeability and low magnetic resistance.

Purpose：Observe the microstructure of ductile iron. The morphology, size, and distribution of graphite are critical to the mechanical properties of cast iron, making their assessment essential for quality control during production. Samples undergo cutting (TableCut200), mounting (FLEXPRESS fully automatic modular hot mounting machine), grinding/polishing (Alpha610), and etching with 4% nitric acid alcohol solution to observe the microstructure (MN80 metallographic microscope).

Purpose：Observe the microstructure of aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace, automotive, construction, and household industries due to their lightweight properties, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal. As aluminum purity increases, its hardness decreases, making it more prone to mechanical deformation and scratches. In high-purity aluminum, grinding may cause severe deformation or abrasive embedding, posing significant challenges during sample preparation. Samples undergo cutting (TableCUT-200), cold mounting (TJ-2568), grinding/polishing (Alpha-610), and etching with Keller’s reagent to observe the microstructure (MN80).

Purpose：304 stainless steel exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and surface finish. It is widely used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, chemical, medical, food processing, and construction, due to its outstanding performance and versatility. Metallographic testing is a crucial component of quality control in the production and processing of stainless steel. It is primarily used to examine the grain structure of samples and conduct failure analysis of components. The sample undergoes cutting (using the Beta300 Pro), mounting (with the FlexPRESS Mounting Press), and grinding/polishing (using the Alpha610 grinder polisher). It is then electrochemically etched with a 10% oxalic acidsolution before its microstructure is examined under the MN80 metallurgicalmicroscope.

As a classic copper-tin alloy, tin bronze possesses outstanding wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and non-magnetic properties, as well as excellent castability and weldability. It is an indispensable key material in the industrial industry.

Cracking, delamination, or brittle fracture during stamping and bending of SPCC cold-rolled steel may not always be explained by dimensions or conventional tensile properties.